Original six members of the Black Panther Party (1966) Party membership peaked in 1970 and gradually declined over the next decade, due to vilification by the mainstream press and in-fighting largely fomented by COINTELPRO. Government persecution initially contributed to the party's growth among African Americans and the political left, who both valued the party as a powerful force against de facto segregation and the military draft. Edgar Hoover, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), described the party as "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country." The Black Panther Party advocated for class struggle, claiming to represent the proletarian vanguard. From 1969 onwards, the party created social programs, including the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, education programs, and community health clinics. Upon its inception, the party's core practice was its open carry patrols ("copwatching") designed to challenge the excessive force and misconduct of the Oakland Police Department. They were also active in many prisons and had international chapters in Britain and Algeria. The party was active in the United States between 19, with chapters in many major American cities, including San Francisco, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia. Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The Black Panther Party ( BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a Marxist-Leninist and black power political organization founded by college students Bobby Seale and Huey P.
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